End Stage Renal Disease refers to the end stage of various renal disease. In this stage,renal function is damaged so badly that it have already can not work regularly and effectively. What's worse,it may causes death.
ESRD refers to the stage 5 of CKD.In this stage,the GFR< 15ml/(min.1.73m2),the renal function is damaged so badly that it have already can not work regularly and effectively.
In early stage,the ESRD has no obvious discomfort.While as the renal function reduces continuously,toxin,metabolite and waste accumulate ib body,which will cause the various complications.
Diagnosis
--renal function tests
Some treatment options,including BUN,Creatinine,urine protein and so on,are taken to diagnose the renal function.
--Urine Routine Test
It is used to detect the protein and red blood cell in urine. Detection of proteinuria can remind patients of the specific disease condition.
Test
--Renal function test
Diagnosing FSGS may require multiple biopsies, as the scarring does not occur throughout the kidney. The doctor have to look at samples from several different parts of the kidney until an affected area is found.
If the inflammation appears,the renal tubules function will decrease,the leakage of sodium and potassium will increase,thus metabolic acidosis may also occurs.
--Urine culture check
It refers to check the cultured normal urine that can be tested if there is bacteria accurately.
--routine urianlysis
It is the common test for patients with CKD,which can test the protein or erythrocyte in urine.
Prognosis
For ESRD patients,timely and effective diagnosis and treatments play an important role in prognosis of ESRD.
Moreover,a healthy diet also can do more to control the disease condition.
Besides,some severer complications may aggravate the disease condition even cause patients death. Such as high blood pressure,CVD(Cardiovascular Disease) and so on.
In this stage,symptoms and complications are severer than before.
* Edema, or swelling
--metabolic acidosis,electrolyte and water disturbance
This will cause emesis,weakness,edema and so on.The edema is one of the most serious symptoms.
--massive proteinuria,HLP (hyperlipidaemia)or anemia
The damaged kidneys can not work effectively,which leads to the imbalance of protein,sugar,fat and vitamin,etc.
Complications
1.CVD
--CVD is one of the main complications and the most common death cause of CKD.It contains HBP,heart failure,pericarditis,atherosclerosis and angiosteosis,etc.
2.Respiratory symptom
--Breathe deep and long when acidosis occurs.
--Uremic bronchitis,pneumonia,pleurisy,etc.
3.digestive system
Lesions on digestive system are the earliest and commonest symptom.
--Inappetence or anorexia
--Nausea,emesis,abdominal distension
--Sores on tongue or oral cavity
4.blood system
--Anemia is a symptom that the patients with CRF will have.The anemia degree is parallel to uremia degree.Besides,the reduced EPO is the major reason that result in anemia.
--hemorrhagic tendency
It is shown that bleeding on skin or mucous membrane and related with the increased platelet destruction,which may caused by toxin.
--abnormal leukocyte
The number of leukocyte decreases,and the leukocytes functions,such as chemotaxis,phagocytosis,sterilization and so on,are reduced.What's more,leukocytes are earlier to be effected.
5.nervous and muscular system
--Fatigue,insomnia and some abnormal excitement of muscle,etc.
For RSED patients,doctor may advise them to take dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain their life. Moreover,to all ESRD patients,keeping a healthy diet is very important to control patients condition. There a simple principle of diet for ESRD patients.
--For ESRD patients with high creatinine,it is necessary for patients to limit the intake of salt. Normally,in renal insufficiency compensatory or azotemia period,patients suffer from the high creatinine and they may also appear some mild clinical symptoms,but owing to the pathological moderate damage,high blood pressure and edema may occur. So controlling the salt intake is necessary. A low intake of salt or salt-free diet is good for patients.
--If ESRD patients with renal insufficiency are only diagnosed with high creatinine and they have no oliguria and edema,patients do not need to forbid the salt and water. And a low salt intake is OK. If patients suffer from the serious edema or high blood pressure even heart failure,the salt intake should be limited strictly.
--For ESRD patients with high creatinine,stopping the smoking and drinking is beneficial to patients condition. Too much alcohol and tobacco will damage the renal blood vessels and aggravate the renal arteriosclerosis. So ESRD patients must stop the alcohol and tobacco to reduce the more damage of kidneys.
--Provide a high quality protein for ESRD patients. Milk,fish,lean meat and eggs are beneficial to patients condition. Besides,limit the intake of fat that may worsen the kidney disease.
--Avoid fatigue and take enough rest to relieve the symptoms.
--Besides,fresh fruits and vegetables are good for patients condition.
Healthy diet plays an important role in limiting the disease process. However,it is not the basic method to treat the ESRD. So the effective treatments are necessary to ESRD patients.
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For ESRD patients,it is necessary for them to take timely and effective treatments to control and relieve the symptoms. Here are several kinds of treatment that can help patients to maintain their life and protect their kidneys.
--Blood Purification
Just as its name implies,Blood Purification means that to clean patients polluted blood to relieve their symptoms,including Hemodialysis,Peritoneal Dialysis. Dialysis can take place parts of renal function to filtrate too much water,toxin,metabolite and waste in blood to control patients condition. It can eliminates overmuch water in body to relieve the severe edema and adjust the electrolyte disturbance.
To some degree,dialysis can control the disease condition and maintain patients life. However,there are also some serious complications that may exacerbate kidney disease. Such as Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome,hypotension,heart failure,cramp and so on. For ESRD patients,the possibility of death from cardiovascular disease(CVD) is higher than other complications.
--TCM
To treat the ESRD,TCM offers several treatments to control the disease condition. Immunotherapy and Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotheory are the better choice for patients to control and relieve their disease condition. What's more,they can also protect the remaining renal function as far as possible.
Immunotherapy: It mainly contains 6 steps to treat the disease. Scientific tests,Blocking immune reaction,Immune tolerance,Immune regulation,Immune protection and Immune clearance are used to control the disease condition and relive the symptoms.
Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotheory: it is characterized by external Chinese medicine. Compared with Dialysis and some medicine,Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotheory has less side-affects to control the inflammatory response and high blood pressure. It can remedy the kidney disease fundamentally.
--dietotherapy
It is necessary for ESRD patients to take a healthy diet to limit the disease process.
A low intake of salt,fat,water and protein is beneficial to patients condition.
Besides,vitamin can be increased to strengthen immune response and reduce the reflection.
End Stage Renal Disease,called ESRD,refers to that the Chronic Kidney Disease has worsened into stage 5. In this stage,Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) drops to 5ml/(min.1.73m2) . Besides,as the decline of renal function,some serious symptoms and complications are occurring. In this world,the morbidity of ESRD is up to one over one hundred thousand. What's more,ESRD has a high death rate caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are some daily life specifications that may help ESRD patients control and relieve their disease condition.
1.Avoid the re-infection
Patients should be careful about the infections of pharyngeal,lung or urinary tract to avoid aggravating the ESRD. Besides,keep away from clod,fatigue,diarrhea and wound,etc. Because every infection may worsen the disease condition. Moreover,the nephrotoxic drugs should be limited to reduce the deterioration.
2.Control the high blood pressure
It is necessary for ESRD patients to control the high blood pressure to avoid the deterioration of disease condition. Timely and effective treatments are beneficial to reduce the leakage of massive protein. Because the high blood pressure and proteinuria are the independent risk factors that may increase the Chronic Kidney Disease. Proteinuria will promote the disease progression.
3.Take a healthy diet
ESRD patients should also pay attention to the daily diet. Based on their disease condition,selective food taboos are necessary. A high quality protein intake,high calorie,and the proper intake of vitamin and mineral substance is good for patients. Further more,controlling the intake of sodium,fat,potassium,phosphorus and purine is necessary.
4.Keep a positive attitude
For almost all patients,a positive attitude is the most important factor that stimulate patients to live longer. Owing to the chronicity and complexity,ESRD patients must have experienced discomforts and suffering. They may also be depressed and anxious even hopeless about their disease and future. So it is very important for doctors or patient's family need to encourage patients maintain optimism is extremely important.